Transformer economizer



C. C. TESSIER TRANSFORMER ECONOMIZER 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Nov. 5, 1921 mver ron CC 7sslez- March 17, 1925.

c. c. TESSIER TRANSFORMER ECONOMIZER Filed Nov. 5, 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR MWJQL ATTORNEYS Patented Mar. 17, 1925.

PATENT OFFICE.

CLIFFORD CHARLES TESSIER. OF GARNER, IOWA.

TRANSFORMER ECONOMIZER.

Application filed November 5. 1921.

To all whom it may concern ie it known that l, Cnirrono Commas TESSIER, a citizen of the United States. and a resident of 'larner. in the county of flancock and State of lowa, have invented a new and useful Improvement in 'lransfornier llconomizers, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to transformer economizers, and it consists in the combinations, constructions, and arrangements herein described and claimed.

An object of my invention is to provide a device for use with distribution transformers which will effectually prevent core-loss in the transformer when it is not in use.

A further object of my invention is to provide a device for automatically disconnecting a distribution transformer from the service line when the load is rcmovcd therefrom.

A further object of my invention is to provide a device of the character described, the principal mechanism of which may be placed adjacent the distribution transformer on the transformer support.

Other objects and advantages will appear in the following specification, and the novel features of the invention will be particularly pointed out in the appended claim.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings forming part of this application, in which-- Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of an embodiment of my invention,

Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view of a modification of the auxiliary transformer controlling means,

Figure 3 is a diagrammatic View of a modified form of the auxiliary transformer controlling means,

Figure 4 is a diagrammatic view of a modified form of the auxiliary transformer controlling means, and

Figure is a diagrammatic view of a modified form of my invention as applied on a three-phase service lead using more than one pole or distribution transformer.

In carrying out my invention, I make use of primary or service leads 1 and 2 which are connected to a power station or the like. Leads 3 and 4 are connected from the service line and are each provided with a cutout 5 and 6 respectively. The cut-out 6 is connected directly with one primary terminal 7 of a distribution transformer 8, and

Serial No. 513,105.

also to one primary terminal 9 of an auxiliary transformer it). The cut-out 5 is connected to a contact plate ll of a heavy duty so itch l2 and also to the other primary terminal ii; of the auxiliary transformer 10. The remaining primary terminal is of the distribution tiansformer 8 is connected to a contact plate 15 of the switch Fuses 16 are disposed in the primary leads adjacent the terminals 9 and 13 of the auxiliary transformer it).

The switch 12 is of the solenoid type and has a solenoid coil 17 in which a plunger 18 is operatively disposed. One of the terminals of the solenoid coil 17 is connected as shown at 19 to the secondary winding of the auxiliary transformer 14). The other terminal 20 is connected to a contact place 21 of the auxiliary transformer control switch 22. The remaining terminal 23 of the secondary winding of the auxiliary transformer is connected to a second contact plate 25 of the switch 22.

Feed wires 26 and 27 are connected to the iUlHllntIlS 28 and 29 of a secondary winding disposed upon the core of the distribution transformer 8. These feed wires are generally connected to a meter (not shown) and from thence are connected directly to cons tact points 30 and 31 of a knife load switch 32. The blades of the switch 32 are connected to lines and 34 to which a. load, such a motor, electric heaters, lamps, and the like, may be connected.

The auxiliary transformer switch 22 of the solenoid type substantially as shown in Figure 1 is provided with an insulated handle 35 by means of which the switch 22 may be manually closed. A solenoid coil 36 through which a core 37 is operatively disposed is shunted across the lines 33 and 34.

All of the structure shown above the dotted line 3'? may be disposed adjacent the distribution transformer 8 which in most cases will be on the service pole or a specially constructed service sub-station. The straw lure shown below the dotted line 37 is disposed adjacent the load which is carried by the lines and 34;.

From the foregoing description of the va rious parts of the device, the operation thereof may be readily understood. Current from the service station (not shown) is constantly flowing along the service lines 1 and 2, but cannot flow through the primary winding of the distribution transformer 8, since the llt) * known as core-loss.

switch 1:2. when the transformer is not in use. is open in the manner shown in Figure 1. A relatively small portion of the current, however. llows through the primary winding of the small auxiliary transformer as reference to Figure 1 will show. The amount of current flowing through this primary winding is dependent only upon the fficiency of the transformer itself and is lt should he noted at this time that it the primary winding of the large distribution transformer 8 were connected to the lines 1 and 2, when not in use, that the core-loss would amount to a great many times that of the small transformer 10. and in time would amount to a great deal.

Let us assume that the current is now desired for use for the loads (not shown) which are to be carried by the lines 33 and 34. and that the loads are connected to the lines 33 and 34'. The operator will first manually close the knife switch 32. He will then grip the handle of the auxiliary transformer switch and move the switch blade 38 and the core 34' upwardly until the blade 38 contacts with the contact plates 21 and 25. This will close the secondary circuit of the auxiliary transformer 10 and cause current to flow through this circuit which includes the solenoid coil 17 of the auxiliary transformer switch 12. \Vhen current flows through this coil 17, the plunger 18 carrying the blade 39 will make contact with the contact plates 11 and 15. The closing of the switch 12 will then allow current to flow from the service lines 1 and 2 through the switch 12 and the primary winding of the distribution transformer 8.

Current will thereupon flow by way of the feed wires 26 and 27, down through the switch 32. and through the load. Since the solenoid coil 36 of the switch 22 is shunted across the lines 33 and 34 which at present. are carrying a current, the coil 36 will be come energized and the plunger 37, which already has been manually forced up into the. solenoid coil. will be held in that position by the magnetic force of the solenoid coil 36.

If the operator now desires to disconnect the current from the load, he, manually opens the knife switch 32. This will immediately disconnect the feed wires 26 and 27 from the load and will also disconnect the current which up to the [uesent time has izccn flowing through the solenoid coil 36 of the switch 32. The switch will thereupon open, since there is nothing to keep the core 3? up within the solenoid 36. This will break the flow of current from the contact plate 21 and the plate 25, and will cause the auxiliary transformer of the secondary circuit to be broken. The breaking of this secondary circuit will shut off the flow of current in the solenoid coil 17 of the switch l2 and the switch 12 will open. \Vhen the switch 12 opens, the primary current which up to the present has flowed across the contact plates 11 and 15 will cease and the distribution transformer is thereupon disconnected from the service lines 1 and 2.

ln lrigure 2. l have shown a modified form of comm-ting the auxiliary transformer con trol switch to the lines 33 and 34. In place of connecting the solenoid coil 3o directly to the lt1ttl:- 33 and 34. I place a transformer 40. the secondary winding 41 of which is connected to the coil 36 and the primary winding" 4:3 shunted across the lines 33 and 34. The purpose of using this transformer is to step down the current which llows through the coil 36 when a relatively high voltage is present in the lines 33 and 34.

In I igure 3, I have shown another modiiicd form of the connection of the auxiliary transformer switch 22 to the lines 33 and 34. This modification consists in placing the coil 36 in series with the line 34 in place of shunting it across the lines 33 and 34 as previom-ily described. device is identically the same as in the preferred form.

ln Figure 4, I. have shown a further modilication of the auxiliary transformer control switch. in place of using a solenoid switch as previously described, 1 provide an addi tional blade 43 which is arranged to move with the blades of the knife switch 32. A line 44 is connected to one secondary terminul of the auxiliary transformer 10 and to the blade 43. Another line 45 is connected to a contact plate 46 and to the solenoid coil 17 of the switch 12. The contact plate 46 is arranged for engagement with the blades 43 when the switch 32 is operated. The purpose of this modification is to do away entirely with the solenoid coil 3t}, and the use of two switches in shutting olf and on the load from the lines and 34.

In Figure I). l have shown a modified form of my invention as used on a threephase service line. The service lines 47, 48, and 49 are connected as follows: The intermediate line 48 is connected through a cutout 50 to two adjacent terminals 51 and 52 of primary windings and 54 on a pair of distribution transformers 55 and 56. The remaining terminals 57 and 58 are connected to contact plates 59 and 60 of a pair of switches (31 and ($2. The switches (31 and 62 are operated by means of the single solenoid coil ii. The service line 47 is connected through the cut-out (33 to a contact plate 64 of the switch til. while the line 49 is connected through a cut-out 65 to a contact plate (36 of the switch 62. Lines 67 and 68 are connected to the cut-outs G3 and 65 respectively. and are connected to the primary winding 9 of the transformer 10. The solenoid coil 17 and the secondary transformer The operation of the 1 lit) 10 are connected in precisely the same manner as shown in the preferred form, excepting that the coil 36 of the auxiliary transformer switch is shunted across the outer of the two feed lines 69 and 70 below the switch 32.

I claim:

The combination with a distribution transformer and a service line connected to said transformer, a normally open switch connected between said service line and said transformer, a load line connected to the feed terminals of said transformer, an auxiliary transformer connected to said service line, a solenoid connected in series with the feed line of said auxiliary transformer, a

switch arranged to be manually closed disposed in the feed line of said auxiliary transformer in series with said solenoid, whereby closure of said switch may energize said solenoid. a plunger for said solenoid arranged to close said switch associated with said distribution transformer when said solenoid is energized and to open said switch when said solenoid is not energized, and a second solenoid shunted across said load line and having a plunger connected with said manuall closed switch to maintain said switch closed when current is passing through said distribution transformer.

()LI FFORD CHARLES TESSIER. 

